Michael Howard is Senior Research Director, Carrier Networks, IHS Markit. Michael co-founded market research firm Infonetics Research in 1990, and today is recognized worldwide as one of the industry’s leading experts in emerging markets, network operator trends, and user buying patterns. Nicknamed the "Ethernet pope," Michael leverages 40 years of communications industry experience to author research on carrier Ethernet, cloud access, SDN, NFV, carrier routers and switches, mobile backhaul, OpenFlow, and packet-optical transport. For more information, visit http://www.markit.com, www.ihs.com, email [email protected], call 408.583.3351, or twitter @michaelvhoward.